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  1. Overview: United States Thirteenth Amendment 1863-65
  2. Full Record: United States Thirteenth Amendment 1863-65
  3. Committee:The House of Representatives
  4. Session: 1864-12-20 12:00:00
  5. Event type: CREATE_FROM

United States Thirteenth Amendment 1863-65

An amendment to the United States Constitution to abolish slavery introduced during the American Civil War.

The House of Representatives

The House of Representatives of the Thirty-Eighth Session of Congress

The Committee Secretary's View The Committee Secretary's View

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Document introduced in:

Session 3642: 1864-12-20 12:00:00

Reuben Fenton leaves the House of Representatives; More members join the House; H. R. 602 is reported back from the Committee on the Rebellious States with amendments; President's Annual Message is considered in the Committee of the Whole.

Document View (with components):

H. R. 602

Shown with amendment 'H. R. 602: Committee on Rebellious States Substitute' (e902704)

There are 4 proposed amendments related to this document on which decisions have not been taken.

A BILL

To guarantee to certain States whose governments have been usurped or overthrown a republican form of government. [-e903040]

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

That in the States declared in rebellion against the United States, the President shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint for each a provisional governor, whose pay and emoluments shall not exceed that of a brigadier general of volunteers, who shall be charged with the civil administration of such State,[-e902704] until a State government therein shall be recognized as hereinafter provided.

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That until the United States shall have recognized a republican form of State government, the provisional governor in each of said States shall see that this act, and the laws of the United States, for the protection of persons and property [+e903040]and the laws of the State in force when the St[-e902704]government, [+e903040]a[-e902704],[+e903040]te government was overthrown by the re[-e902704]bellion, are faithfully executed within the State; but no law or usag[-e903040]e[-e902704] whereby any per[-e903040]son was heretofore held in involuntary ser[-e902704]s[+e903040]v[-e902704]itude s[-e902704]4[+e903040]hall be recognized [-e902704]or enf[-e902704]th$1,5005[+e903040]orced by any court or officer i[-e903040]n such St[-e902704]ate; and the [-e902704]laws[-e902704] for the tria[-e902704]l and pun[-e902704]ish[-e902704]ment of wh[-e902704]ite person[-e902704]s shall extend t[-e902704]o all persons, and jurors shall have t[-e902704]he qu[-e903040]ali[-e902704]fications of voters under this law for delegates to the convention. The President shall appoint[-e902704] such officers provided for by the laws of the [-e902704]State; an[+e902704] when its government was overthrown as he may find necessary to the civil administration of the State, all which officers shall be[-e902704]l[+e903040] entitle[-e902704]d to receive t[-e902704]he fees and emoluments provided by the State [-e902704]laws for such officers. [-e902704]

[-e902704]

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That until [-e902704]the recognition of a State [-e902704]government, as aforesaid, [-e902704]the p[-e902704]rl[+e903040]ov[-e902704]ision[-e902704]al governor shall, under such regulations as he may prescribe, cause to be assessed, levied[-e902704], and collected, for the year eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and every year thereafter, the taxes [-e902704]provided by the laws of s[-e902704]uch State to be levied duri[-e902704]ng the f[-e902704]iscal year preceding t[-e902704]he overthrow of the State govern[-e902704]ment there[-e902704]of,[-e902704] in the manner prescribed by the la[-e902704]ws of t[-e902704]he State, as nearly as may be; and the off[-e902704]icers appoin[-e902704]ted, as aforesaid, are vested with all[-e902704] pow[-e902704]ers [-e902704]of levyi[-e902704]ng and collecting such taxes, by distress or sale, as were vested in any officers or tribunal of the State government aforesaid for [-e902704]t[-e903040]hose purposes. The proceeds of such taxe[-e902704]s shall be accounted for to the provisional governor, and be by him applied to [-e902704]6[+e903040]the [-e902704]expenses of [-e902704]th[-e902704]e admi[-e902704]nistration of the laws in such State, subject to the [-e902704]direction of[-e902704] to[+e902704]he President,[-e902704] and the surplus sha[-e902704]ll be de[-e902704]posit[-e902704]ed in the t[-e902704]rea[-e902704]sury [-e902704]of the U[-e902704]nited State[-e902704]s to the credit of such State[-e902704], to be paid to the State upon[-e902704] and jurors sh[+e902704] appropriation therefor, to be made when a republican form of government shall be recognized therein by the United States. [-e902704]

[-e902704]

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That [-e902704]all persons [-e902704]held to involunt[-e902704]ary ser[-e902704]vitud[-e902704]e or labor in [-e902704]the qualific[+e902704]States [-e902704]or p[+e902113 -e902704]a[-e902704]rts o[+e902113 -e902704]f[-e902704] States in which suc[+e902113 -e902704]h[+e902113 -e903040] pers[+e902113 -e902704]o[-e902704]ns have been declared free by any proclamation of the P[+e902113 -e902704]resaid[-e902704]ent,[+e902113 -e902704] are hereby emanci[-e902704]pated and [-e902704]discharged theref[-e902704]rom, [-e902704]an[-e902704]r[+e903040]d they and their p[-e902704]osterity shall be forever free. And if any such persons or their posterity shall be restraine[-e902704]d of liberty, under pretence[-e902704]r[+e903040] of any claim to such se[-e902704]rvice[-e902704] or labor,[-e902704] t[-e902704]he co[-e902704]ur[-e902704]ts of the United States shall, on habeas cor[-e902704]pus, discharge them. [-e902704]

[-e902704]

Sec. 5. [-e902704]And be it furt[-e902704]her ena[-e902704]cted, [-e902704]That[-e902704] if any pe[-e902704]rson declared free by this act, or an[-e902704]y law [-e902704]of the United States,[-e902704] or any proclamation of the Pres[-e902704]idlegat[+e902704]ent, be restrained of liberty,[-e902704]7[+e903040] with intent to be held in or reduced to involuntary servitude or labor, the person convicted before a court of [-e902704]s of[+e903040]competent [-e902704]State, who are[+e903040]juri[-e903040]sdiction of such act shall be punished by fine of not less than fifteen hundred dollars, and be imprisoned not less than five nor more than twenty years. [-e902704]

[-e902704]

Sec. 6. And be[-e902704]all who have been honorably discharged therefrom, together with all loyal citizens enrolled as aforesaid, [+e903040] it further enacted, That every person who shall hereafter hold or exercise any of[-e902704], prescrib[+e903040]fice, civil or mi[-e902704]July 2, 1862, shall be electors, and may vote for delegates to the convention hereinbefore authorized, in the county, parish, or district in which they reside,[+e903040]litary, except offices merely ministeria[-e903040]l and military[-e902704] offices belo[-e902704]w the grade o[-e902704]f col[-e902704]onel, in the rebel se[-e902704]rvi[-e902704]ce, State or c[-e902704]onfeder[-e902704]ate,[-e902704] is hereby declared [-e902704]not to be a citiz[-e902704]en of the United State[-e902704]s.

Sec.3[+e902704] [-e902704]7. And be it further enacted, That the United States, in Congress assembled, do hereby recognize the government of the State of Louisiana, inaugurated under and by the convention of the people of Louisiana, which assembled on the sixth day of April, anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-four, at the city of New Orleans, and declare the same to be entitled to the guarantee and all other rights of a State government [-e902113]under [-e902704]the Constitution of the United States. [-e902113]

[-e902113]

Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That [-e902113]so[-e903040] s[-e902704]oon as t8[+e903040]he military resistance to the United States shall have been suppressed in any such State, and the people thereof shall have sufficiently returned to their obedience to the Constitution and the laws of the United States, the provisional governor shall direct the marshal of the United States, as speedily as may be, to name a sufficient number of deputies, and to enrol all white[+e902113] male citizens of the United States resident in the State in their respective counties, and to request each one to take the oath to support the Constihus enrolled and in the military or naval service of the United States t[+e902704]tution of the United States, and in his enrolment to designate those who take and those who refuse to take that oath, which rolls shall be forthwith returned to the provisional governor; and if the persons taking that oath sha4[+e902704]l[-e902704]l, together with the citizens of the United State[+e902113]in each State [+e902704]s from such State in the military or naval service of the United States,[+e902113] amount to a majorit. The delegates shall be elected in single districts[+e902704]y ond the a[+e902704]f the pem[+e902704]rnt shall be ma[+e902704]se[+e902704]ons enrolled in the State, he shall, by proclamation, invite the loya9[+e903040]l people of the State to elect delegatnumber of electors[+e902704]es to a co[-e902704]nvention charged to declare the will of the people of the State relative including th[+e902704]tse who a[+e902704]oe[+e902704] the re-establishment of a State government, subject to and in confor[-e902704]mity with the Constitution of the United States.

Sec. 8[+e902113]9[-e902113]. And be it further enacted, That the convention shall consist of as many members as both houses of the last constitutional State legislature, apportioned by the provisional governor among the counties, parishes, or districts of the State, in proportion to the population enroll[+e902113]return[-e902113]ed as electors, [-e902113]by the marshal, in compliance with the provisions of this act, or in the mil[+e902113]i[+e902113 -e903040]tary or na[+e902113]8[+e903040]val service of the United States, as aforesaid,[+e902113]. The provisional governor shall, by proclama[-e902704]tion, dec5[+e902704]l[-e902704]are the number of delegates to be elected by each [-e902704]county, parish, or election distr[-e902704]ict; name a day of election, not less than thirty days thereafter[-e902704]; designas of[+e902704]te [-e902704]the pState[+e902704]laces of votin[-e902704]g in each coun[-e902704]y[+e903040]ty[-e903040],[-e902704] po are[+e902704]arish, or district, conforming, [-e902704]as nearly as may be convenient, to the places used in the Stall who have been h[+e902704]o[+e902704 -e903040]norably discharged therefrom, together with all loyal citizens enrolled as aforesaid,[+e902704]civil [+e903040] [+e902704]ate elections next preceding the rebellion; appoint one or more commissi, prescrib[+e902704]oners to hold the el[-e902704]ection at each place of votin[-e902704]g, and provide an adequate foL[+e903040]r[-e903040]ce to keep, sh[+e902704]G[+e903040]a[+e902704 -e903040]ll be el[+e902704]e[+e902704 -e903040]ctors, and may vote for delegates to the convention hereinbefore authorized, in the county, parish, or district in which the[+e902704]i[+e903040]y[+e902704 -e903040] reside,[+e902704] [-e902704]the peace during the ele[-e903040]ction.

Sec. 9[+e902113]10[-e902113]. And be it further enacted, That the delegates shall be elected by the loyal male citizens of the United States of the age of twenty-one years, and resident at the time in the county, parish, or district in which they shall offer to vote, and enrolled as aforesaid, or absent in the military [-e903040]or naval [+e902113 -e903040]service of the United States, and who s[-e903040]hall take a1[+e903040]nd subscribe the oath of allegiance to the United States in the form contained in the act of Congress of July two, eighteen hundred and sixty-[-e903040]6[+e902704 -e903040]two; and all citizens of the United States who are in the military or[-e903040] naval service of the United States shall vote at the headquarters of their respective commands, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the provisional governor for the taking and return of their votes; but no person who has held or exercised any office,as hereinbe[+e902704] civil [-e902704]or milita[-e902704]ry, State or confederate, under the rebel usurpation, or who has voluntarily borne arms against the United States, shall vote or be eligible to be elected as delegate at such election.

Sec. 10[+e902113]1[-e902113]. And be it further enacted, That the said commissioners, or either of them,[-e903040] shall hold the election in conformity with this act, and, so far as may be consistent therewith, shall proceed in the manner used in the State prior to the rebellion. The oath of allegiance shall be taken and subscribed on the poll-book by every voter in the form above prescribed, but every person known by or proved to the commissioners to have held or exercised any office, civil or miliS[+e903040]t[-e903040]ary, State oR[+e903040]r[-e903040] confederate, under the rebel usurpation, or to have voluntarily borne arms against the United States, shall be[-e902704] excluded7[+e902704] t[-e902704]hough he offer to take the oath; and in2[+e903040] case any person who shall have borne arms against the United States shall offer to vot[-e902704]e, he shall be deemed to have borne arms voluntarily unless he shall prove the contrary by the testimony of a qualified voter. The poll-book, showing the name and oath of each voter, shall be returned to the provisional governor by the commissioners of ecall[+e902704]lection or the one acting, and th[-e902704]e provisional g to order[+e902704]overnor shall canvass such returns, [-e903040]and declare the person having the highest number of votes elected.

Sec. 11[+e902113]2[-e902113]. And be it further enacted, That the pro, after which the delegates shall select their own presiding, and all other officers of the convention[+e902704]visional go8[+e902704]ve[-e902704]rnor sh[-e903040]all, by proclamation, convene the delegates elected as aforesaid, at the capital of the State,é[+e903040] o[-e903040]n a day not more than three months after the election, giving at least thirty days' notice of such day. In case the said capital shall in his judgement be unfit, he shall in his proclamation appoint another place. He shall preside over the deliberations of the convention, and administer to each delegate, before taking his seat in the convention, the oath of allegiance to the United States in the form hereinbefore prescribed.

Sec. 12[+e902113]3[-e902113]. And be it further enacted, That the convention shall declare, on behalf of the people of the State, their submission to the Constitution and laws of the United States, and shall adopt the following provisions, hereby prescribed by the United States in the execution of the constitutional duty to guarantee a republican form of government to every State, and incorporate them in the constitution of the State, that is to say:

First. No person who has held or exercised any office, civil or military, except offices merely ministerial and military offices below the grade of colonel, State or confederate, under the usurping power, shall vote for or be a member of the legislatu9[+e902704]re[-e902704] or governor.

Second. Involuntary servitude is forever prohibited, and the[-e902113] freedom and equality [+e902113]of civil rights before the law are[+e902113]all persons is[-e902113] guaranteed to all persons [+e902113]in said State. [+e902113]

Third. No debt, State or confederate, created by or under the sanction of the usurping power[-e902704], or in any manner in aid thereof,[+e902113 -e902704] shall be rec[-e902704]ognis[+e902113]z[-e902113]ed or paid by the State; and all acts, judicial or legislative, for the confiscation or forfeiture of any debt, property, or franchise, of any loyal citizen of the United States, are hereby declared null and void.[+e902113]. [-e902113]

Sec. 13[+e902113]4[-e902113]. And be it further enacted, That when the convention shall have adopted those provisions, it shall proceed to re-establish a republican form of government, and ordain a constitution containing those provisions, it shall proceed to re-establish a republican form of government, and ord[+e902113]ain a constitution containing th[+e902113 -e902704]ose provisions, [+e902113]which, when adopted, the convention shall by ordinance provide for submitting to the people of the State entitled to vote under this law, at an election to be held in the manner prescribed by the act for the election of delegates, but at a time and place named by the convention, at which election the said electors, and none other, shall vote directly for or against such constitution and form of State government. And the returns of said election shall be made to the provisional governor, who shall canvass the same in the presence of the electors, and if a majority of the votes cast shall 0[+e902704]b[-e902704]e for the constitution and form of government, he shall certify the same, with a copy thereof, to the President of the United States, who, after obtaining the assent of Congress, by act or joint resolution, shall, by proclamation, recognize the government so established, and none other, as the constitutional government of the State; and from the date of such recognition, and not before, senators and representatives and electors for President and Vice-President may be elected in such State, according to the laws of the State and of the United States.

Sec. 14[+e902113]5[-e902113]. And be it further enacted, That if the convention shall refuse to re-establish the State government onSec. 13. And be it further enacted, That is the persons exercising the functions of Governor and Legislature under the rebel usurpation in any State heretofore declared to be in rebellion shall, before armed resistance to the national government is suppressed in such State, submit to the authority of the United States, and take the oath to support the Constitution of the United States, and adopt by law the third provision prescribed in the eighth section of this act, and ratify the amendment to the Constitution of the United States proposed by Congress to the Legislatures of the several States on the 31st day of January, A. D. 1865, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to recognize the said Governor and Legislature as the lawful State government of such State, and to certify the fact to Congress for its recognition: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall operate to disturb the boundary lines of any State heretofore recognized by and now represented in the Congress of the United States.[+e903040] the conditions aforesaid, the provisional governor shall declare it dissolved; but it shall be the duty of the President, whenever he shall [-e902704]have [+e902704]

reaso1[+e902704]n[-e902704] to believe that a sufficient number of the people of the State entitled to vote under this act, in number not less than a majority of those enrolled as aforesaid, are willing to re-establish a State government on the conditions aforesaid, to direct the provisional governor to order another election of delegates to a convention for the purpose and in the manner prescribed in this act, and to proceed in all respects as in hereinbefore provided, either to dissolve the convention or to certify the State government re-established by it to the President.

Sec. 15. And be it further enacted, That the United States, in Congress assembled, do hereby recognize th[+e902113]eigh[+e902704]e gov[+e902113 -e902704]ernment of the State o[+e902113]. A[+e902704]f L[+e902113 -e902704]ou[+e902113] when[+e902704]isian[+e902113]president and secretary[+e902704]a, inau[+e902113 -e902704]gurated [+e902113]aforesaid convention[+e902704]under and by[+e902113 -e902704] the convention which assembled on the sixth day of April, a[+e902113]a certified copy of [+e902704]nno [+e902113]proceedings of such conventions in either of said States, accepting suc[+e902704]Domini eighteen hundred and sixt[+e902113 -e902704]y-[+e902113]fo[+e902113 -e902704]u[+e902113]ondi[+e902704]r, a[+e902113]s,[+e902704]t [+e902113]he President may, by proclamation, declare the recognition by[+e902704]the city of New Orleans; [+e902113 -e902704]and t[+e902113]United States, in C[+e902704]he gove[+e902113 -e902704]rn[+e902113]gress [+e902704]m[+e902113]ssemb[+e902704]e[+e902113]ed, of the said[+e902704]nt of t[+e902113]ment of such State; and from[+e902704]he State of Arkansas, i[+e902113 -e902704]naug[+e902113] date of such proclam[+e902704]urated [+e902113 -e902704]un[+e902113]ion[+e902704]der a[+e902113]said government shall be entitled to[+e902704]nd by the conv[+e902113 -e902704]entio[+e902113]guarantee and all [+e902704]n[+e902113] [+e902113 -e902704]wh[+e902113]er rights of a State governmen[+e902704]ich assemb[+e902113 -e902704]le[+e902113]under [+e902704]d on the eighth day of January, eight[+e902113]; but this act shall not operate a recognition of a State government in ei[+e902704]een hu[+e902113 -e902704]ndred[+e902113]of said States till the conditions aforesaid are complied [+e902704] and[+e902113]. [+e902704]

[+e902704]

Sec.[+e902704] [+e902113]12. And be it fur[+e902704]six[+e902113]r enacted, That if the loyal[+e902704]ty-four, at t[+e902113]Tennessee shall have establish[+e902704]he city [+e902113 -e902704]of [+e902113]a [+e902704]Littl[+e902113] government, subject to and in conformity with the Constitution of the United[+e902704]e Rock: Pro[+e902113 -e902704]vided,[+e902113]s, o[+e902704] T[+e902113 -e902704]ha[+e902113]or before [+e902704]t th[+e902113]first day of May, anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and the[+e902704]e same or other c[+e902113 -e902704]on[+e902113]am[+e902704]v[+e902113], o[+e902704]e[+e902113] a newly elected con[+e902704]n[+e902113]ention, shall have [+e902704]t[+e902113]n[+e902704]i[+e902113]orporat[+e902704]o[+e902113]d[+e902704]n[+e902113]int[+e902704]s[+e902113],[+e902113 -e902704] duly[+e902113]constitution of sai[+e902704] asse[+e902113 -e902704]mbled, [+e902113] the conditions prescribed in the eighth section of this act, and the presiding officer and secretar[+e902704]shall first have incor[+e902113 -e902704]porated i[+e902113]aforesaid convention sha[+e902704]nto the cons[+e902113 -e902704]ti[+e902113] have return[+e902704]tut[+e902113]to the Pres[+e902704]i[+e902113]de[+e902704]o[+e902113]t of[+e902704]ns of[+e902113]United [+e902704] thos[+e902113]s a certifie[+e902704]e St[+e902113 -e902704]at[+e902113]copy of [+e902704]es, [+e902113]proceedings of sa[+e902704]resp[+e902113 -e902704]ec[+e902113] conv[+e902704]tiv[+e902113]ion accepting[+e902704]el[+e902113]uch conditions[+e902704]y, t[+e902113 -e902704]he co[+e902113] P[+e902704]nd[+e902113]sident may[+e902704]itio[+e902113 -e902704]ns prescribed in the twelfth section of thi[+e902113]of sai[+e902704]s act, and t[+e902113 -e902704]he mars[+e902113] government as provided[+e902704]ha[+e902113 -e902704]l of[+e902113]the eleventh section of this act. [+e902704]

[+e902704]

Sec. 13. And be it further enact[+e902704] the United Stat[+e902113 -e902704]es s[+e902113]That i[+e902704]h[+e902113 -e902704]all ha[+e902113]persons exercising the functions[+e902704]ve returned to [+e902113 -e902704]the [+e902113]governor and legislature under the rebel usurpation in any State [+e902704]President of the Unite[+e902113 -e902704]d [+e902113]retofore[+e902704]St[+e902113]ecl[+e902704]a[+e902113]red [+e902704]t[+e902113]o b[+e902704]es[+e902113]in rebellion shall, before armed resistance to[+e902704] the enrolment direc[+e902113 -e902704]ted b[+e902113]national[+e902704]y th[+e902113 -e902704]e seventh se[+e902113]is suppressed in such State, submit to the authority of the United States, and take[+e902704]ction to be made and[+e902113 -e902704] retu[+e902113]oath to support the Constitution of the United States,[+e902704]rned to th[+e902113 -e902704]e prov[+e902113]dopt by law the third provision prescribed in the 8th section[+e902704]isional governo[+e902113 -e902704]r, a[+e902113]this act, and ratify the amend[+e902704]nd it shall ap[+e902113 -e902704]pear [+e902113]to[+e902704]there[+e902113 -e902704]by that the persons taking the oath to[+e902113] proposed[+e902704] [+e902113 -e902704]su[+e902113]y Congress to the legislat[+e902704]p[+e902113]res of [+e902704]p[+e902113]he several States on the[+e902704]ort [+e902113]rty-first day of January, anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-five, i[+e902704]the [+e902113 -e902704]Constitu[+e902113]be lawful for the President of the United States to[+e902704]tion of the U[+e902113 -e902704]nited St[+e902113]ze the said governor and legislature as the lawful[+e902704]ates, tog[+e902113 -e902704]ether with the cit[+e902113]izens of t[+e902113 -e902704]he U[+e902113]uch[+e902704]nit[+e902113 -e902704]ed Sta[+e902113], and to certify[+e902704]tes fr[+e902113 -e902704]om su[+e902113]fact to C[+e902704]ch Stat[+e902113 -e902704]e [+e902113]gres[+e902704]in[+e902113] [+e902113 -e902704]the[+e902113] its recognition: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall oper[+e902704] military or naval service of the Un[+e902113 -e902704]it[+e902113]e[+e902704]ed[+e902113]o disturb the boundary lines of any[+e902704] States, [+e902113 -e902704]amount[+e902113] heretofore recognized by and now represented in[+e902704] to a majority of [+e902113 -e902704]th[+e902113]he C[+e902704]e[+e902113]ngress of[+e902704] pe[+e902113]e United States.[+e902704]rsons enro[+e902113 -e902704]lled in the State. And the President shall, thereupon, by proclamation, declare the recognition by the United States, in Congress assembled, of the said government of such State; and from the date of such proclamation the said government shall be entitled to the gurarantee and all other rights of a State government under the Constitution of the United States; but this act shall not operate a recognition of a State government in either of said States till the conditions aforesaid are complied with, and till that time those States shall be subject to this law. [+e902113]

Decisions yet to be taken

  • Motion to Resume Consideration of H. R. 602 (introduced on 1865-02-06 12:00:00 - PROCEDURE - e902350)
    • Motion to Postpone Consideration of H. R. 602 for Two Weeks (introduced on 1865-02-06 12:00:00 - PROCEDURE - e902351)
  • Motion for the Regular Order of Business (introduced on 1865-02-08 12:00:00 - PROCEDURE - e903292)
  • Motion for the Previous Question (introduced on 1865-02-21 11:00:00 - PROCEDURE - e903047)

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