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Overview
Idaho State Constitutional Convention 1889

Constitution Writing in the American West (NEH)

Idaho's Constitutional Convention went from July 4, 1889 - August 6, 1889. Using the work that began in the standing committees, drafted reports or articles became the ratified Idaho Constitution in November 1889.

Cite as: Hector Manzanerez, Joseph Andersen-Stanley, Yana Anderson-Stanley, Ethan Bassett, Daniel Little, Ashlynn Poleman, Caleb Stowell, Hannah Thayne, Nicholas Cole, Lauren Davis, Idaho State Constitutional Convention 1889, Quill Project at Pembroke College (Oxford, 2020-2023).

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People Icon90 People
Procedures Icon1298 Procedures
Documents Icon152 Documents
Decisions Icon2147 Decisions

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Introduction

The Constitution of Idaho (1889) was written from July to August 1889. Following the 1889 Agreement and without the authorization of an Enabling Act by the U.S. Congress, 72 delegates from 18 counties met in Boise City to draft the state’s foundational text.

Like other state constitutions of a similar time, the Convention did not begin with a full, coherent draft of a constitution (such as the Virginia Plan in the 1787 Federal Constitutional Convention), nor did it follow the open proposition approach taken by other contemporary state constitutional conventions, such as the Washington (1889) and the Arizona (1910). In those constitutions, delegates proposed constitutional text in the form of propositions, which were referred to standing committees appointed to consider certain subjects. These committees drafted reports or articles from these propositions, which were returned to the Convention for approval. The Idaho Convention adopted an approach to constitution writing that depended heavily on the work of standing committees. Rather than being presented to the Convention by individual delegates, articles originated in the standing committees. After consideration in the Convention, the articles were enrolled as the Constitution of Idaho, approved by the Convention, and ratified in November 1889.

To construct the Quill timeline, the editors consulted a number of sources, most notably the Proceedings and Debates of the Constitutional Convention of Idaho, as well as copies of the propositions deposited in the Idaho State Archives. These documents provided a detailed overview of what occurred in each plenary sitting of the Convention. The committee sittings were modelled from information that could be inferred based on the plenary record. Therefore, the committees provide a rich opportunity for future scholarship.

Compared to other state constitutional conventions, the Idaho Convention was uncomplicated in its committee approach. However, users may be interested in how pieces of proposed constitutional text circulated throughout the Convention. This procedure is captured in a document event’s “Related Events” tab. A more general overview of documents’ journeys throughout the Convention is provided by the “Calendar View”. The “Document Library” view provides a zoomed out look at all documents that were introduced in the Convention and will be compelling to those users who are approaching the project with an interest in particular documents.

LDJ

Senior Documentary Editor

Quill Project

Pembroke College, Oxford.

July 2023.

View Sessions by Date

Date Time Committee Description
1889-07-04 12:00:00 The Convention The delegates assembled and elected temporary officials. A Committee on Credentials and a Reception Committee were appointed.
1889-07-04 12:00:00 Committee on Credentials The Committee was appointed and created a report on delegates entitled to seats, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-07-04 12:00:00 Reception Committee The Committee was appointed. Shoup was chosen as chairman.
1889-07-05 10:00:00 The Convention The Committee on Credentials presented its report. The report was read section by section and adopted. Claggett was elected permanent president and Reid vice president. The Convention also elected a secretary and sergeant at arms.
1889-07-05 10:00:00 Reception Committee Claggett resigned from the Committee and appointed McConnell in his place.
1889-07-06 10:00:00 The Convention A first assistant of the secretary, chaplain, doorkeeper, assistant doorkeeper, and pages were elected. A Committee on Rules was appointed. The Committee on Committees presented a report, which was adopted.
1889-07-06 10:00:00 Committee on Rules The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-06 10:00:00 Committee on Committees The Committee was appointed and drafted a report, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-07-06 10:00:00 Reception Committee The Committee delivered a report to the Convention.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 The Convention The Committee on Rules presented its report, which was read section by section and adopted. A second assistant clerk was elected. A petition from the Women's Christian Temperance Union was presented and laid upon the table. The president presented the list of members to standing committees.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Rules The Committee drafted the Rules of the Convention and referred them to the Convention.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Ways and Means The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Executive Department The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Legislative Department The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Judiciary The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Preamble and Bill of Rights The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Names, Boundaries and Organization of Counties The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Seat of Government, Public Institutions, Buildings and Grounds The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Education, Schools and University Lands The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Election and Rights of Suffrage The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Revenue and Finance The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Militia and Military Affairs The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Public and Private Corporations The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Municipal Corporations The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Federal Relations The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Labor The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Schedule The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Manufactures, Agriculture and Irrigation The committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Mines and Mining The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Live Stock The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Printing and Binding The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Salaries of Public Officers The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-08 10:00:00 Committee on Public Indebtedness and Subsidies The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-09 10:00:00 The Convention The president was authorized to administer the oath of office. The Women's Christian Temperance Union was granted a hearing on the following day. A resolution on committee reports was presented and adopted.
1889-07-10 11:00:00 The Convention A Petition for Women's Suffrage and Prohibition was presented and referred to the Committee on Election and Right of Suffrage.
1889-07-12 10:00:00 The Convention Several delegates requested a leave of absence.
1889-07-12 10:00:00 Committee on Legislative Department The Committee drafted Article III, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-12 10:00:00 Committee on Preamble and Bill of Rights The Committee drafted a Preamble and Article I, which were referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-12 10:00:00 Committee on Election and Rights of Suffrage The Committee created a report on the Petition for Woman's Suffrage and Prohibition, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-07-12 10:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment Pinkham replaced Ballentine on the Committee.
1889-07-12 10:00:00 Committee on Militia and Military Affairs The Committee drafted Article XIV, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-12 10:00:00 Committee on Public and Private Corporations The Committee drafted Article XI, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-13 10:00:00 The Convention The Committee on Elections reported on the petition from the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and the petition was referred to the Committee of the Whole. The Preamble and Articles I, XIV, III, and XI were presented to the Convention.
1889-07-13 10:00:00 Committee on Ways and Means The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-13 10:00:00 Committee on Executive Department The Committee drafted an article, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-15 10:00:00 The Convention Article IV was presented to the Convention. The Committee on Ways and Means presented a report, which was referred to the secretary of the territory. The Convention received a communication from the National Woman’s Suffrage Association requesting a hearing. The Convention then resolved into the Committee of the Whole. The Committee of the Whole reported on the Petition for Woman’s Suffrage and Prohibition. The Convention agreed to incorporate Section 1 of that petition into the Constitution.
1889-07-15 10:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered the resolution offered by the Women's Christian Temperance Union. It rejected Sections 1 and 3 and adopted Clark's substitute for Section 2.
1889-07-15 10:00:00 Committee on Seat of Government, Public Institutions, Buildings and Grounds The Committee drafted Article X and referred it to the Convention.
1889-07-15 10:00:00 Committee on Revenue and Finance Salisbury replaced Glidden on the Committee.
1889-07-15 10:00:00 Committee on Public Indebtedness and Subsidies The Committee drafted Article VIII and referred it to the Convention.
1889-07-16 10:00:00 The Convention Article X and VIII were presented to the Convention. Mrs. Dunaway of the National Woman’s Suffrage Association presented a resolution on woman’s suffrage.
1889-07-16 10:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Sections 1 to 7 of Article I on the Bill of Rights.
1889-07-16 20:00:00 Committee on Judiciary Hagan replaced Stull on the Committee.
1889-07-16 20:00:00 Committee on Election and Rights of Suffrage The Committee received the Resolution on Women's Suffrage.
1889-07-16 20:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment Melder replaced Hendryx on the Committee, and Cavanah replaced Stull.
1889-07-16 20:00:00 Committee on Municipal Corporations The Committee drafted Article XII and referred it to the Convention.
1889-07-16 20:00:00 Committee on Manufactures, Agriculture and Irrigation Cavanah replaced Stull as Chairman of the Committee.
1889-07-17 10:00:00 The Convention Article XII was presented to the Convention. The Convention resolved to record the Committee of the Whole proceedings in the Journal. Batten gave notice to move to amend the rules.
1889-07-17 10:00:00 Committee on Education, Schools and University Lands The Committee drafted Article IX and referred it to the Convention.
1889-07-17 10:00:00 Committee on Election and Rights of Suffrage The Committee drafted Article VI and a minority report on Article VI, which were referred to the Convention.
1889-07-17 10:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment Harris was added to the Committee in the absence of Jewell.
1889-07-17 10:00:00 Committee on Manufactures, Agriculture and Irrigation Anderson replaced Beane on the committee. Article XV was drafted and referred to the Convention.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 The Convention The Convention received Articles IX, XV, and VI. Rule 11 of the Rules and Standing Orders was amended. The Convention then resolved into the Committee of the Whole. The Committee of the Whole presented a report on Article I.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Article I, Sections 7 to 14.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 Committee on Judiciary The Committee drafted Article V and Article V minus Sections 6 and 7, which were referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 Committee on Election and Rights of Suffrage Hagan replaced Beane on the Committee.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 Committee on Labor The Committee drafted Article XIII, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 Committee on Schedule King replaced Beane on the Committee.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 Special Committee on Finance The committee was appointed.
1889-07-18 10:00:00 Joint Committee on Irrigation and Mining The Committee was referred Article I, which was amended and referred back to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-18 20:00:00 Committee on Manufactures, Agriculture and Irrigation The Committee met in a joint session with the Committee on Mines and Mining.
1889-07-18 20:00:00 Committee on Mines and Mining The Committee met in a joint session with the Committee on Manufactures, Agriculture, and Irrigation.
1889-07-18 20:00:00 Committee on Salaries of Public Officers The Committee drafted Article XIII, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-07-19 10:00:00 The Convention The Convention received Articles Number XIII, V, and VIII. The Convention also resolved into the Committee of the Whole for the proceedings of the day.
1889-07-19 10:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Article I, Sections 14 to 21 and Article XIV, Sections 1 to 5. The Committee decided that the Preamble should be the last thing under consideration.
1889-07-19 10:00:00 Committee on Ways and Means The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-07-19 10:00:00 Committee on Live Stock The Committee drafted Article XVI, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-20 09:00:00 The Convention The Convention received Article XVI from the Committee on Livestock and considered the Committee of the Whole reports on Articles XIV, IV, X, and III.
1889-07-20 09:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Articles IV, X, and III.
1889-07-20 09:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment Mr. Sinnott replaced Mr. Cavanah on the committee.
1889-07-20 09:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment The Committee took up and amended Article IV, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-20 09:00:00 Committee on Salaries of Public Officers The Committee drafted Article on Salaries of Public Officers, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-20 09:00:00 Committee of Three to Receive the Delegation of Members of Congress The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-22 09:00:00 The Convention The Convention took under consideration the Committee of the Whole Reports on Articles VIII, XII, and IX.
1889-07-22 09:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Articles VIII, XII, and IX.
1889-07-22 09:00:00 Special Committee on Finance The Committee created a report on mileage and per diem claims of delegates and referred it to the Convention.
1889-07-23 09:00:00 The Convention The Convention took under consideration the report of the special committee on finance and the reports from the Committee of the Whole on Article IX. The Convention then received the congressional delegation.
1889-07-23 09:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Article IX.
1889-07-23 09:00:00 Committee on Manufactures, Agriculture and Irrigation The Committee received a petition from members of Washington County.
1889-07-24 09:00:00 The Convention The reports of the standing committees were received. The Convention then resolved into the Committee of the Whole to consider the report of the Committee on Education. Having reported the progress on Article IX, the Convention read the article line by line.
1889-07-24 09:00:00 Committee of the Whole Articles IX and XI were under consideration. Both of which were referred back to the Convention.
1889-07-24 09:00:00 Committee on Names, Boundaries and Organization of Counties The Committee created a report on counties, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-24 09:00:00 Committee on Revenue and Finance The Committee created a report and statement of annual expenses of a state government, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-25 00:00:00 The Convention The report of the Committee of the Whole as well the Rules of the Convention were discussed. The Convention then resolved into the Committee of the Whole. The committee then reported their progress on Article VI. The article was then considered by the Convention and referred to the Committee on Engrossment.
1889-07-25 00:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Article VI.
1889-07-25 00:00:00 Committee on Engrossment The Committee was referred Article VI, which was then referred to the Convention.
1889-07-26 09:00:00 The Convention The Committee on Engrossment was appointed. The Convention then resolved into the Committee of the Whole. The committee reported their progress on the report of the Committee on Public and Private Corporations. The report of the Committee on Engrossment was then given, and Article VI was taken up and adopted. The Committee of the Whole reported their progress on Article XV which was then referred to the Committee on Engrossment by the Convention.
1889-07-26 09:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Articles XI and XV.
1889-07-26 09:00:00 Committee on Engrossment Members were appointed. The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention. Article XV was referred to the Committee.
1889-07-27 00:00:00 The Convention Articles XI, III, XV, and resolution on state elections were presented and discussed.
1889-07-27 00:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment Article VI was referred to the committee. Mr. Sweet replaced Mr. Hammell on the committee.
1889-07-27 00:00:00 Committee on Engrossment Article XV was referred back to the Convention.
1889-07-27 00:00:00 Committee on the Revision of the Minutes and Proceedings of the Convention The Committee was appointed.
1889-07-29 09:00:00 The Convention Article III was sent to the Committee on Engrossment. The Convention then resolved into the Committee of the Whole to consider the article on Salaries of Public Officers. Articles IV, III, XV, and XIII were discussed further by the Convention.
1889-07-29 09:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Articles VIII, IX, IV, XIII, and XVI.
1889-07-29 09:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment Mr. Reid replaced Mr. Poe on the committee.
1889-07-29 09:00:00 Committee on Public and Private Corporations The report of the Committee of the Whole was referred to the Committee.
1889-07-29 09:00:00 Committee on Schedule Mr. Reid replaced Mr. Poe on the committee. A resolution was referred to the committee.
1889-07-29 09:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment Articles XV and III were referred to the committee, amended, and referred back to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-29 09:00:00 Committee on Engrossment Article III was received and then referred to the Convention. The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-07-30 09:00:00 The Convention Articles XIV, IV, X, XII, IX, XVI, XIV, XI, and VIII were all discussed further by the Convention.
1889-07-30 09:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment Articles XIV, VIII, and XV were referred to the committee.
1889-07-30 09:00:00 Committee on Engrossment The Committee created reports, which was referred to the Convention. The Committee received Articles XIV, XII, III, VIII, IX, XVI, and VI; all of which were referred back to the Convention except Article III.
1889-07-31 00:00:00 The Convention Final readings were done for Articles XII, IX, and VIII. Articles V, XVI, IV, VIII, and I were further discussed by the Convention.
1889-07-31 00:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee considered Article V.
1889-07-31 00:00:00 Committee on Revenue and Finance The Committee drafted Article VII, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-31 00:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment Mr. Sweet replaced Mr. Brigham on the committee. The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-31 00:00:00 Committee on Mines and Mining The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-31 00:00:00 Committee on Public Indebtedness and Subsidies Article VII was referred to the committee then referred back to the Convention. The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-07-31 00:00:00 Committee on Engrossment The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention. Articles X and XI were received and referred back to the Convention.
1889-08-01 09:00:00 The Convention Reports from the Committee on Mines and Mining, the Committee on Apportionment, and the Committee on Engrossment were received. Articles X and XI were adopted. Articles XIII, I, VII, and V were considered by the Convention.
1889-08-01 09:00:00 Committee on Names, Boundaries and Organization of Counties The Committee drafted an article, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-08-01 09:00:00 Committee on Schedule The Committee drafted a majority and minority report on Article XXI which were referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-08-01 09:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment Article II was drafted and referred to the Convention for consideration. Articles XVI, XII, IX, and IV were referred to the committee and amended.
1889-08-01 09:00:00 Committee on Engrossment Article V was received and then referred back to the Convention.
1889-08-02 00:00:00 The Convention The Preamble as well as Articles XXI, II, V, XX, VII, XVIII, were discussed further by the Convention.
1889-08-02 00:00:00 Committee on Schedule The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-08-02 00:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment The committee referred Articles V and XX back to the convention for consideration. Articles XIII, X, XI were referred to the committee.
1889-08-02 00:00:00 Committee on Engrossment Article VII was received and then referred back to the Convention. The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-08-03 00:00:00 The Convention The report of the Committee on Schedule was received. Article XVIII was discussed at length by the Convention before its adoption. Article VII and the reports of the Committee on Engrossment and the Committee on Ways and Means were also received.
1889-08-03 00:00:00 Committee on Ways and Means The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-08-03 00:00:00 Committee on Legislative Apportionment The Committee drafted Article XIX, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-08-03 00:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment
1889-08-03 00:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment
1889-08-03 00:00:00 Committee on Engrossment Article XVIII was received and then referred back to the Convention.
1889-08-03 00:00:00 Committee on Memorial The Committee was appointed.
1889-08-05 00:00:00 The Convention Article XVIII was referred to the Committee on Engrossment. The Convention resolved into the Committee of the Whole to discuss the Article XIX. The committee reported their progress and Article XIX was taken up in the Convention, amended, and referred to the Committee on Engrossment. The report of the Committee on Ways and Means and Article XXI were then taken up.
1889-08-05 00:00:00 Committee of the Whole The Committee drafted a report, which was referred to the Convention.
1889-08-05 00:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment Articles XVII, XIX, XXI, and XVIII were taken up in the committee. The Constitution of the State of Idaho was drafted and referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-08-05 00:00:00 Committee on Engrossment Article XIX was received and then referred back to the Convention.
1889-08-06 09:00:00 The Convention The completed Constitution of the State of Idaho was referred to the Convention for final signatures. The Convention then adjourned sine die.
1889-08-06 09:00:00 Committee on Ways and Means The Committee created two reports, which were referred to the Convention.
1889-08-06 09:00:00 Committee on Federal Relations The Committee created a report, which was referred to the Convention for consideration.
1889-08-06 09:00:00 Committee on Revision and Enrollment A memorial was received and referred back to the Convention.

Sessions Chart

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Negotiation Statistics

Sources

9 historical records used for this dataset.

Process

36 committees met in 146 sessions.

Average 16.22 sessions each.

Dates

Dates from Thursday, 04 July 1889 to Tuesday, 06 August 1889.

People

90 people in 18 voting delegations.

Top 5 most active people are:

Summary of person events:

  • Person join icon 330 join a committee.
  • Person leave icon 13 leave a committee.
  • Person elect icon 117 elections to a position.

Procedures

1298 procedural motions considered.

Summary of procedural events:

  • Procedural motion icon 1298 procedural motion proposed.
  • Debate motion icon 364 motions debated.

Documents

152 documents considered with 1137 amendments presented.

Summary of document events:

  • Create a new document proposal 152 new documents created.
  • Document copied 184 documents passed from another committee.
  • Document amended 1137 amendments to a document proposed.
  • Debate a document proposal 858 debates on a proposal.

Decisions

2147 number of decisions made.

Summary of decision made:

  • Vote adopt icon 1369 proposals adopted.
  • Vote reject icon 299 proposals rejected.
  • Vote refer icon 126 proposals referred to another committee.
  • Postpone debate icon 10 debate of a proposal postponed.
  • Vote drop icon 184 proposal dropped from discussion without a formal vote.
  • Vote drop icon 9 some other decision on a proposal.

List of proposals by delegation

List of proposals by person

Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 2

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 4 Article IV

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 3 Preamble & Article I

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 3 Article XIII

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 4 Article VI

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Newspaper: Idaho News

A collection of the digital scans of the original newspaper, Idaho News, for the record of the Idaho Constitutional Convention 1889.

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Proceedings and Debates of the Constitutional Convention of Idaho 1889

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Newspaper: Lewiston Teller

A collection of the digital scans of the original newspaper, the Lewiston Teller, for the record of the Idaho Constitutional Convention 1889.

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Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 3 Article IX

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 3 Article X

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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Idaho Convention Collection Box 46 Folder 4 Article XII

A collection of the Idaho Proceedings and Debates from the 1889 Constitutional Convention.

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